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As the Middle Ages came to a close, Europe was poised to move forward. The Crusades, though failing to reclaim the Holy Lands for Christian Europe, brought the ideas of Islam and the Byzantine Empire into closer contact with civilization in Europe. These ideas helped revitalize Europe in terms of culture, art, commerce, and daily life. This unit traces the overlapping influences of two movements at the time.

The Renaissance : Beginning in the trading centers of Italy, new ideas about art, philosophy, literature, and many other cultural hallmarks of Western Civilization took hold of people, and marked a dramatic shift in attitudes when compared to ideas of the Middle Ages. This renewal, or rebirth, of European culture spread northward, eventually touching most of the continent with a revival of learning from Classical world, reinterpreted for a new time and place.

The Reformation : New thinking in the world of arts and letters led to new thinking about the dominant religion of the day and time, and a new invention helped spread that thinking throughout the continent. What began as a single monk's protests against the excesses of the Church turned into a new type of religion, and new ways of looking at man's place in the world.

HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENTS & QUESTIONS
Assignment	Pages		Due	Points
1. The Italian Renaissance (Ch 16.1)	404-411		2/27	___/20
2. The Northern Renaissance (Ch 16.2) Sonnet	412-414		2/29	___/20
3. The Protestant Reformation (Ch 16.3) Gap-Fill Review	415-417		3/4	___/20
4. The Spread of Protestantism (Ch. 16.4)	418-421		3/6	___/20
5. The Catholic Reformation (Ch 16.5)	422-425		3/10	___/20
Total Homework Points				___/100